A detailed response would be very long to write up, but here are some videos that I made targeted for newcomers that can help you get started to understand what's happening at different stages of flight:
I don't have anything specifically for the Logitech controller, but I'm guessing that most of your problems are actually "normal", in the sense that it's something you need to learn to correct for. For example, on takeoff, I'm guessing it's either wind or not enough rudder use that's causing you to wobble back and forth across the runway.